消防排煙風機通常是高層民用建筑的主要防排煙設施，是高層民用建筑保障人民生命財產不可缺少的。但由于部分設計、施工人員對防排煙設施的結構、作用、性能缺乏了解，對規范標準理解不透徹，導致消防排煙風機在實際應用中通常遇到一些問題，這些問題直接關系到排煙效果及建筑。

　　Fire exhaust fans are usually the main smoke control facilities in high-rise civil buildings, and are indispensable for ensuring the safety of people's lives and property in high-rise civil buildings. However, due to a lack of understanding of the structure, function, and performance of smoke control facilities by some designers and construction personnel, as well as a lack of thorough understanding of national standards and regulations, fire smoke exhaust fans often encounter some problems in practical applications, which directly affect smoke exhaust effectiveness and building safety.

　　一(yi)、自然排煙(yan)設施達不到排煙(yan)目(mu)的? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

　　1、 Natural smoke exhaust facilities cannot achieve the purpose of smoke exhaust?

　　問題表現：部分(fen)工(gong)程由于設計(ji)、施工(gong)不(bu)規范，導(dao)致(zhi)自然排煙窗(chuang)設置(zhi)位置(zhi)不(bu)當、開窗(chuang)面積不(bu)足、結構形式不(bu)合理或缺少便于開啟的操作機構，從而無(wu)法(fa)有(you)效排煙。原因分(fen)析：設計(ji)未按規范要(yao)求進行(xing)，施工(gong)過(guo)程中存在(zai)偏差，以及后期維護管理不(bu)善。

　　Problem manifestation: Due to non-standard design and construction, some projects have resulted in improper placement of natural smoke exhaust windows, insufficient window area, unreasonable structural form, or lack of easy to open operating mechanisms, thus unable to effectively exhaust smoke. Reason analysis: The design was not carried out according to the specifications, there were deviations during the construction process, and poor maintenance and management in the later stage.

　　二、機械排煙設施排煙效果不明顯問題表現：機械排煙系統在實際應用中，送風口、排煙口風量、余壓值達不到規范要求，排煙效果不佳。原因分析：風機選型不當、系統配置不合理（如合用正壓送風系統未設計壓差調節裝置）、防煙分區設置不規范、送風口設置不符合要求以及風管豎井施工質量差等。

　　2、 The problem of unclear smoke exhaust effect of mechanical smoke exhaust facilities is manifested in the practical application of mechanical smoke exhaust systems, where the air volume and residual pressure values of the air supply and exhaust ports do not meet the standard requirements, resulting in poor smoke exhaust effect. Reason analysis: Improper selection of fans, unreasonable system configuration (such as no pressure difference adjustment device designed for the shared positive pressure air supply system), non-standard setting of smoke prevention zones, non compliant setting of air supply outlets, and poor construction quality of air duct shafts.

　　三(san)、防(fang)排煙風機的供配(pei)電(dian)(dian)不符合規范(fan)要(yao)求問題表(biao)現：部分消(xiao)防(fang)排煙風機的供電(dian)(dian)線路未(wei)(wei)接自(zi)消(xiao)防(fang)電(dian)(dian)源，或采(cai)用單回路配(pei)電(dian)(dian)線路，未(wei)(wei)設末端電(dian)(dian)源自(zi)動(dong)切換裝置，無法滿(man)足高層(ceng)民(min)用建筑負荷級(ji)別要(yao)求。

　　3、 The problem of the power supply and distribution of smoke exhaust fans not meeting the regulatory requirements is manifested as follows: some fire exhaust fans' power supply lines are not connected to the fire power supply, or single circuit distribution lines are used, and there is no automatic switching device for the end power supply, which cannot meet the load level requirements of high-rise civil buildings.

　　原因分析(xi)：設(she)計疏忽、施(shi)工不(bu)當以(yi)及(ji)后期維護(hu)管理不(bu)到位。四(si)、應(ying)設(she)機(ji)械防(fang)排煙(yan)設(she)施(shi)的部(bu)位未(wei)按規范要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)問題表(biao)現(xian)：在一些(xie)需要(yao)(yao)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)械防(fang)排煙(yan)設(she)施(shi)的部(bu)位，未(wei)按規定設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)械排煙(yan)設(she)施(shi)。如：

　　Reason analysis: design negligence, improper construction, and inadequate maintenance and management in the later stage. 4、 The problem of mechanical smoke control facilities not being installed in accordance with regulatory requirements is manifested as the failure to install mechanical smoke control facilities in some areas where they are required. For example:

　　1、帶裙(qun)房的高層民用建筑(zhu)防(fang)煙(yan)樓梯間及前(qian)室，消防(fang)電(dian)梯間前(qian)室或(huo)合用前(qian)室，當裙(qun)房以上(shang)部(bu)分利用可(ke)開啟外窗(chuang)進行(xing)自(zi)然排煙(yan)，裙(qun)房部(bu)分不(bu)具備自(zi)然排煙(yan)條件(jian)時，其前(qian)室或(huo)合用前(qian)室未按規范要(yao)求設置正(zheng)壓(ya)送風系統；

　　1. When smoke proof staircases and lobbies, fire elevator lobbies or shared lobbies in high-rise civil buildings with podiums are equipped with natural smoke exhaust through openable external windows, and the podiums do not have natural smoke exhaust conditions, the lobbies or shared lobbies are not equipped with positive pressure air supply systems according to regulatory requirements;

　　2、超過20米無自然排煙的(de)內走道，有(you)的(de)設(she)(she)計人(ren)員因(yin)(yin)與其相連的(de)防(fang)煙樓梯間前室有(you)自然排煙，認為其具備自然排煙的(de)條(tiao)件，未按規范要(yao)求(qiu)設(she)(she)置機械(xie)排煙設(she)(she)施(shi)。原因(yin)(yin)分析：設(she)(she)計人(ren)員對規范理解(jie)不足，施(shi)工單(dan)位(wei)未按圖施(shi)工，以及(ji)消防(fang)監督部(bu)門審查不嚴。

　　2. For interior corridors over 20 meters without natural smoke exhaust, some designers believe that they have the conditions for natural smoke exhaust due to the presence of natural smoke exhaust in the front room of the smoke proof staircase connected to them, and do not install mechanical smoke exhaust facilities as required by regulations. Reason analysis: The designers have insufficient understanding of the specifications, the construction unit did not follow the drawings during construction, and the fire supervision department did not conduct strict inspections.

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